The collapse of U.S. productivity growth since the late 1960s has been the most severe and persistent of recent economic problems. This volume reviews the extent of the growth slowdown evaluates several contributing factors and suggests strategies for improvement. The authors find that inflation recessions oil price fluctuations and other economic disruptions in the 1970s had an averse effect on economic performance but they suggest a slowing in the pace of innovation and a failure to exploit the benefits of innovation also contributed to the weakness in productivity. Baily and Chakrabarti provide a comprehensive assessment of U.S. technology policy and its importance to growth. They argue for continued support of basic science even though strength in this area does not give the U.S. economy an immediate competitive advantage and advocate increased support for middle ground and commercial research. They conclude that this support must be structured to preserve the advantages of the market.