In Montaigne Life without Law originally published in French in 2014 and now translated for the first time into English by Paul Seaton Pierre Manent provides a careful reading of Montaignes threevolume work Essays. Although Montaignes writings resist easy analysis Manent finds in them a subtle unity and demonstrates the philosophical depth of Montaignes reflections and the distinctive even radical character of his central ideas. To show Montaignes unique contribution to modern philosophy Manent compares his work to other modern thinkers including Machiavelli Hobbes Pascal and Rousseau. What does human life look like without the imposing presence of the state asks Manent. In raising this question about Montaignes Essays Manent poses a question of great relevance to our contemporary situation. He argues that Montaignes philosophical reflections focused on what he famously called la condition humaine the human condition. Manent tracks Montaignes development of this fundamental concept focusing especially on his reworking of pagan and Christian understandings of virtue and pleasure disputation and death. Bringing new form and content together a new form of thinking and living is presented by Montaignes Essays a new model of a thoughtful life from one of the unsung founders of modernity.Throughout Manent suggests alternatives and criticisms some by way of contrasts with other thinkers some in his own name. This is philosophical engagement at a very high level. In showing the unity of Montaignes work Manents study will appeal especially to students and scholars of political theory the history of modern philosophy modern literature and the origins of modernity.