The book deals with problems of visual attention in various lighting conditions including operators work in air and road transport during the day at dusk and during nighttime. Day provides the best condition for transporting people. Night and to some extent dusk causes difficulties in perceiving objects and threatens the level of security. Therefore the experimental part focuses on the basic problems of visual attention under conditions of changing brightness such as attention shifting its intentionality and inhibition process and visual search. Stimulus detection times and the efficiency of object identification during simulated flight are also examined depending on their characteristics and the assessment of aircraft position at night and at dusk under daytime conditions and when using goggles night vision.