This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Workshop and Challenge on Computational Methods and Clinical Applications for Musculoskeletal Imaging MSKI 2017 held in conjunction with MICCAI 2017 in Quebec City QC Canada in September 2017.The 13 workshop papers were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this volume. Topics of interest include all major aspects of musculoskeletal imaging for example clinical applications of musculoskeletal computational imaging computeraided detection and diagnosis of conditions of the bones muscles and joints imageguided musculoskeletal surgery and interventions imagebased assessment and monitoring of surgical and pharmacological treatment segmentation registration detection localization and visualization of the musculoskeletal anatomy statistical and geometrical modeling of the musculoskeletal shape and appearance imagebased microstructural characterization of musculoskeletal tissue novel techniques for musculoskeletal imaging.