ampampnbspThe Middle East and North Africa MENA is a large complex and diverse region which faces a wide range of economic issues. The MENA group includes Algeria Bahrain Cyprus Djibouti Egypt Iran Iraq Israel Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Morocco Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria Tunisia Turkey United Arab Emirates and Yemen.The purpose of this book is not to provide a countrybycountry study but rather to deal with general economic themes found in Arab MENA and Israel such as problems associated with growth and structural change the role of Stateintervention in countryspecific local markets labor market imperfections driven by gender bias technology gaps and endogenous growth capital market development in a restricted financial model based on religious constraints savings and investment behaviour in a model of state subsidization and intervention designed to control local development and the role of the state in constraining private sector activity. Data sources used in this second edition include countryspecific data the World Bank the United Nations the International Monetary Fund and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.The new material in this second edition includes a discussion of the impending and inevitable leadership changes which will occur throughout Arab MENA over the next decades.