Literature for the masses appeared on an unprecedented scale in the first half of the 19thcentury. This was the earliest response to new and voracious demands for cheap books of all kinds. This famous and innovative book enquires as to the nature of this new material the responses to it and its audiences amidst the new reading public which it illuminates. The technological advances in printing and the urbanisation of the population were key influences. So too were new entrepreneurial energies amongst author and publishers. Professor James shows what were the realities and the resonances of this new culture. He examines the effects of a new urban culture its complicated class relations the difficult history of the radical press and the relationships between popular fiction and literature. His is a detailed and engaging well illustrated study of the growth of literacy and the vivacious and enormously varied popular literature of both entertainment improvement and instruction which was published.