One of literatures greatest gifts is its portrayal of realistically drawn charactershuman beings in whom we can recognize motivations and emotions. In Imagined Human Beings Bernard J. Paris explores the inner conflicts of some of literatures most famous characters using Karen Horneys psychoanalytic theories to understand the behavior of these characters as we would the behavior of real people. When realistically drawn characters are understood in psychological terms they tend to escape their roles in the plot and thus subvert the view of them advanced by the author. A Horneyan approach both alerts us to conflicts between plot and characterization rhetoric and mimesis and helps us understand the forces in the authors personalty that generate them. The Horneyan model can make sense of thematic inconsistencies by seeing them as the product of the authors inner divisions. Paris uses this approach to explore a wide range of texts including Antigone The Clerks Tale The Merchant of Venice A Dolls House Hedda Gabler Great Expectations Jane Eyre The Mayor of Casterbridge Wuthering Heights Madame Bovary The Awakening and The End of the Road.