Will higher pay provide an incentive for better work Can productivity be increased by changing the way workers are compensated In response to the urgent need to improve productivity performance in American industry leading economists examine alternative compensation schemes to assess their efficiency in raising productivity. Over the years a number of suggestions have been made for improving labor productivity by changing the manner in which laborers are compensated for their efforts. The ideas presented and analyzed in this volume have all been put into practice in modified form or on a small scale in the United States or elsewhere. Some are new others quite old. David I. Levine and Laura DAndrea Tyson consider the effects of employee participation in decisionmaking on firm performance and Martin L. Weitzman and Douglas L. Kruse discuss the implications of profit sharing and related forms of pay for group performance. Michael A. Conte and Jan Svejnar analyze employee stock ownership plans in the United States and other forms of worker ownership in Europe Masanore Hashimoto uses a transactioncost perspective to assess Japanese employment and wage systems. Daniel J. B. Mitchell David Lewin and Edward E. Lawler III give an overall analysis of traditional and alternative pay systems their history development and curent use and recommend further experimentation with alternative compensation plans to ensure more adaptability on the part of U.S. firms. Blinder provides an overview of the findings and conclusions.