The rediscovery of Ptolemys Geography has long been hailed as a key moment in the emergence of Renaissance culture symbolizing a new rational spatiality and preparing the way for the Age of Discovery. And yet the process of the Geographys introduction integration and impact in western Europe as the essays in this volume collectively suggest was more complex and less predictable than has been traditionally assumed. Whereas previously Ptolemys maps attracted most scholarly attention in this volume the textual tradition of the Geography Ptolemys text added prefaces annotations and treatises stand at the centre. Bringing together a wealth of previously unexplored sources and contexts the essays examine the Geography as it took part in and influenced diverse areas of Renaissance culture such as visual theory and communication humanistic philological historical and antiquarian practices astrology education and religion. The emerging Geography is perhaps less revolutionary but more satisfyingly embedded into the culture that produced and used it. This volume points to new directions for the study of the remaining questions that still hover around Ptolemys seminal work and for the study of early modern geography as a whole.