Realism seems to be everywhere both as a trending critical term and as a revitalized aesthetic practice. This volume brings together for the first time three aspects that are pertinent for a proper understanding of realism its 19thcentury aesthetics committed to making reality into an object of serious art the experiments with and against realism by 20thcentury modernist postmodernist or magical realist writing and the politics of realism especially its ambitions to map the complex realities produced by global capitalism and climate catastrophe. This juxtaposition of aesthetics experiments and politics unsettles the entrenched opposition between realism and experimental literature that tends to ignore the fact that realism by virtue of its commitment to a changing material and social world cannot be but continuously experimenting.The innovative chapters of this book address some of the pressing questions of literary and cultural studies today like the complex relation between historical materialism and new materialisms between science and art or the different aesthetic and political affordances of making systemic analyses against depicting the specificity of the local. Some of the chapters deal with classically realist authors such as George Eliot mile Zola and Joseph Conrad to gauge the aesthetic radicalism of their diverse realist projects. Others investigate the experimental engagements with realism by authors such as B.S. Johnson J.M. Coetzee or Rachel Cusk. Yet others analyze the politics of realism found in contemporary anglophone novels by writers like Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie David Mitchell or Rohinton Mistry. The readings assembled here are a testament to the diversity of literary realisms from the 19th 20th and 21st centuries and to the ongoing controversies surrounding definitions and deployments of realism.