This Book Focuses On One Of The Major Challenges Of The Newly Created Scientific Domain Known As Data Science: Turning Data Into Actionable Knowledge In Order To Exploit Increasing Data Volumes And Deal With Their Inherent Complexity. Actionable Knowledge Has Been Qualitatively And Intensively Studied In Management, Business, And The Social Sciences But In Computer Science And Engineering, Its Connection Has Only Recently Been Established To Data Mining And Its Evolution, 'knowledge Discovery And Data Mining' (kdd). Data Mining Seeks To Extract Interesting Patterns From Data, But, Until Now, The Patterns Discovered From Data Have Not Always Been 'actionable' For Decision-makers In Socio-technical Organizations (sto).