Toward Translingual Realities in Composition is a multiyear critical ethnographic study of firstyear writing programs in Lebanon and Washington Statea country where English is not the sole language of instruction and a state in which English is entirely dominantto examine the multiple and often contradictory natures forces and manifestations of language ideologies. The book is a practical useful way of seriously engaging with alternative ways of thinking doing and learning academic English literacies. ampampnbsp Translingualism work has concentrated on critiquing monolingual and multilingual notions of language but it is only beginning to examine translingual enactments in writing programs and classrooms.